Goals vs average
3.9
+0.7 vs league average
24 games · limited sample
Bundesliga referee stats and assignments
Bundesliga referee
Limited sample: 24 games across 3 seasons
Treat these patterns as early signals. Metrics stay visible, but confidence is below the 30-game publication gate.
Bundesliga official profile
Referee · Bundesliga
Goals vs average
3.9
+0.7 vs league average
24 games · limited sample
Cards vs average
21.6
+0.1 vs league average
24 games · limited sample
Close-game scoring
3.7
-0.2 vs league in tight games
14 close games
Team performance comparisons are withheld until same-window team baselines clear sample gates. Raw records alone can overstate the official's relationship with strong or weak teams.
Scoring, whistle, and stability context from this official's verified sample versus league averages. Descriptive history only. Window: 2021-2026.
Whistle volume, penalty disposition, and high-leverage game-state tendencies.
Not enough games for reliable metrics yet (24 logged). Check back after this official clears the sample gate.
Late-game whistle tendency versus earlier periods. Zero on the scale is the neutral / no-shift anchor for this official (same whistle rate late as earlier), not a league average and not a betting recommendation.
Explore officials who frequently work with this official or show similar historical officiating patterns.
Similarity is descriptive and based on available historical metrics. It does not imply identical decision-making.
Against the spread: whether the home team beat the sportsbook point spread (not just who won). A home line of −5.5 means the home team must win by 6+ to cover. and Did both teams’ combined score finish above (over) or below (under) the closing total set by sportsbooks before tip-off? tables use The spread and total sportsbooks posted near tip-off. ATS and O/U tables here use that number, not our fixed 225 benchmark. per game. ATS/O-U results are shown only where external closing-line data is available. Team penalty splits live on team pages. Tonight's assignment signals are on the EPL home page.
Scores, fouls, cards, and referee assignments from ESPN (1281 games, 154 with sportsbook totals). Referee coverage only where ESPN lists gameInfo.officials (2021-22 onward); games without referee names are excluded entirely. football-data.co.uk I1 CSVs lack a Referee column and are not used. Matrix: 402/572 ref×team pairs with 3+ games. 249 games skipped (no official listed).